Moving Panorama History & Related Art Forms

Find out about the history of this forgotten art form.  In the 19th Century, they were called moving panoramas as well as many other names. This is a collection of moving panoramas and related hand-cranked scrolls,  big and small, from all over the world. Have fun exploring!

I want to thank the many historians and museums for their work and their willingness to share their information and images with me.  They have done the "heavy lifting."   Erkki Hutamo, Russell Potter, Suzanne Wray,  Ralph Hyde, Peter Morelli, Sara Velas,  Jeffrey Ruggles,  Dmitri Carter. Michelle Granshaw and Nick Whitmer.

This late 19th/early 20th century moving panorama is about 2 inches high. From the collection of Erkki Huhtamo, photo by Sue Truman.

In the 19th Century, moving panoramas ranged in size from very small to enormous! 

SMALL: The very small ones, with scrolls a few inches high,  might have been created as a child's toy such as an Ombro Cinema.  Or, small moving panoramas were given as souvenirs at large moving panorama performances. Look at the collection of Erkki Huhtamo.

This moving panorama about the Trans Siberian Railroad was a whopping 800 feet long. It was divided into four spools. It was performed at the 1900 Paris Exposition and has survived! It is housed at the Heritage Museum in Russia.

 MEDIUM: There were mid-sized moving panoramas, roughly the size as many of the crankies of today, having scrolls around 18 inches high.  Those were sometimes called "parlor panoramas" and were used for smaller performances in the home or on the street. You will find examples of these moving panoramas at these pages:Panorama of a Whaling Voyage  Carmontelle's Landscape Transparencies

London to Hong Kong in Two Hours,

From London to Paris

Pyasetsky's Great Siberian Railway Moving Panorama

Image from Illusions in Motion, by Erkki Huhtamo.

ENORMOUS! Finally, there were the large moving panoramas, big enough to fill a whole stage. The scrolls were 8 or more feet high and hundreds or even over a thousand feet long. They were painted on canvas or muslin in the 19th Century.  Only 20 or so of these large scrolls have survived to this day. The surviving scrolls are much too fragile to crank, but some brave souls have recreated the large moving panoramas so that we can experience the magic and awe of a huge canvas being hand-cranked.  You will find examples on these pages: Grand Panorama of a Whaling Voyage Round the World,  The Moving Panorama of Pilgrim's Progress,  The Grand Moving Mirror of California and the Moving Panoramas of the Mississippi River.

Henry "Box" Brown

Learn about three moving panorama showman:  John Banvard, Henry "Box" Brown and "Dr. L.E. Emerson.

Historian Ralph Hyde (1939 - 2015) created a comprehensive (over 500 pages long) list of moving panorama showman and women from around the world The Biographical Dictionary of English Panoramists. It was still a work in progress when Ralph died in June of 2015.  Ralph's daughter Jeanette and his estate donated the manuscript to the Bill Douglas Cinema Museum in London. You can link to a PDF of it here.

Image courtesy of Russell Potter

This page is a collection of all things polar and panoramic: from 19th Century Arctic panoramas and modern day interpretations to  moving panoramas and stationary panoramas. Read about it here.

This photographer was strapped to the front of a train to make a film for the "Phantom Ride."

This is an interesting collection of examples of "train moving panoramas". Starting with an early 20th century child's moving panorama, described by the late, great historian Ralph Hyde.  Also two examples of moving panoramas with the same theme, the Trans Siberian Railroad, which were performed at the 1900 Paris Exposition.  This evolves into a fairground attraction ride called Hale's Tours and Scenes of the World.  This kind of "ride" was featured in the Hollywood movie "Letter from an Unknown Women."  Click here!

Painted on 1848, the Grand Panorama of a Whaling Voyage Round the World is the longest surviving mover panorama painting at 1,275 feet.

Traveling by water was a popular moving panorama theme. The audience could sit back and imagine they were traveling along the Mississippi or the Mediterranean or the Thames.  They may "travel" to exotic lands such as the Arctic! Click here!

I purchased this 1930s book on Amazon. I wasn't able to read it because it came with some mold "issues" and gave me a big allergy attack. It had to go back in the plastic bag!

As a crankie artist, I really, really love finding old articles explaining how to make a moving panorama. Typical for this time period, the information is written for boys, glad we are evolving.

How to Make a Moving Panorama, 1910 from the Book of Knowledge

A Panorama, 1930, excerpts from The Boy Showman and Entertainer

Moving Picture Toy for Children, from the Boy Mechanic, 1923

See what I have in my library. Thank you to independent researcher Suzanne Wray for helping me with this bibliography.

The International Panorama Council is a group committed to supporting the heritage and conservation of 19th and early 20th century panoramas (both stationay and moving panoramas). This organization also supports awareness of current art forms (such as crankies)!

Visit their website panoramcouncil.org.  It provides a searchable database of historic panoramas plus you can find out what's happening in the international community.

Follow them on Facebook

This page was created in 2012, updated  2019. Sue Truman